abstract：:Entamoeba histolytica has been separated in recent years into 2 morphologically identical species: the apathogenic E. dispar and the pathogenic E. histolytica, only the latter being pathogenic. Although various laboratory techniques allow discrimination between the 2 species there is a lack of field data about the sui...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Heckendorn F,N'Goran EK,Felger I,Vounatsou P,Yapi A,Oettli A,Marti HP,Dobler M,Traoré M,Lohourignon KL,Lengeler C

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is concern that crop irrigation that results in increased numbers of vector mosquitoes will lead to a rise in malaria in local communities. We evaluated the level of malaria experienced in 3 communities in northern Tanzania with different agricultural practices: rice irrigation, sugar-cane irrigation and traditi...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ijumba JN,Shenton FC,Clarke SE,Mosha FW,Lindsay SW

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To compare the characteristics of women and men with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis, all 3231 cases treated in Nioki hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo, from 1982 to 2000 were reviewed for demographic information, date and mode of diagnosis, pre-treatment cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, treatm...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Pépin J,Mpia B,Iloasebe M

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of haptoglobin polymorphisms on severe malaria occurrence was assessed in 1183 individuals from The Gambia. No significant association was found between severe malaria and either haptoglobin genotypes or phenotypes. The advantages of using a deoxyribonucleic acid-based haptoglobin typing method are discu...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Aucan C,Walley AJ,Greenwood BM,Hill AV

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As reduced red cell deformability (RCD) can contribute to derangement of the microcirculation, a central feature in the pathogenesis of severe malaria, RCD was measured with a laser diffraction technique in 232 consecutive patients with falciparum malaria on the Kenyan coast, of whom 99 had severe disease. RCD on admi...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Dondorp AM,Nyanoti M,Kager PA,Mithwani S,Vreeken J,Marsh K

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mapping an area at risk of epidemics of meningococcal meningitis in Africa has significant implications for their prevention and case treatment, through the targeted development of improved surveillance systems and control policies. Such an area was described using information obtained from published and unpublished r...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Molesworth AM,Thomson MC,Connor SJ,Cresswell MP,Morse AP,Shears P,Hart CA,Cuevas LE

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reports the isolation and characterization of a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid clone showing sequence homology with genes coding for the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 gamma (EF-1 gamma). The clone encodes an open reading frame of 404 amino acids corresponding to a deduced molecular mass of 46.2 kDa. D...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Cañavate C,el Bali M,Montoya Y,Barker DC,Alvar J

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxoplasmosis is an anthropozoonotic disease endemic world-wide, caused by the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Although the course of infection is generally benign, it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing fetus and in immunocompromised individuals. Biological diagnosis classically relies upo...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Bastien P

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Codon usage bias is a feature of living organisms. The origin of this bias might be explained not only by external factors but also by the nature of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) itself. We have developed a point mutation simulation program of coding sequences, in which nucleotide replacement follows th...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Zimic MJ,Guerra D,Arévalo J

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin A supplements are reported to reduce febrile episodes of malaria and parasite counts, especially in children aged 12-36 months. Red palm oil (RPO) is a good source of vitamin A, is rich in alpha- and beta-carotene and is as effective as high-dose retinyl palmitate supplements in improving vitamin A status. In ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Cooper KA,Adelekan DA,Esimai AO,Northrop-Clewes CA,Thurnham DI

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinine (n = 246) was used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and chloroquine (n = 130) was used to treat P. vivax, in a total of 376 episodes of malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy, in 300 Karen women (Thailand, 1995-2000). Parasites were still present on day 6 or 7 in 4.7% (11/234) of episodes trea...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： McGready R,Thwai KL,Cho T,Samuel,Looareesuwan S,White NJ,Nosten F

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The seroprevalence of toxocariasis was investigated in 1997/98 in 1009 schoolchildren (aged 5-12 years) throughout Trinidad. Infection, as measured by titre, was found to be high compared to values obtained from children in other countries. Using an excretory-secretory antigen and performing an ELISA test, it was foun...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Baboolal S,Rawlins SC

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of neurological manifestations of infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei have been described including cerebral abscesses, which are a well-recognized form of neurological melioidosis. The optimal antibiotic therapy for this condition has not been defined; however, combinations of intravenous antibiotics a...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Chadwick DR,Ang B,Sitoh YY,Lee CC

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Forty human strains of Leishmania infantum isolated in 1985-99 from 17 patients with repeated cutaneous, mucosal or visceral leishmaniasis episodes in Catalonia (Spain) were examined by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Six zymodemes were revealed: MON-1, MON-24, MON-28, MON-29, MON-33 and MON-34. In 2 patients 2 different z...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Gállego M,Pratlong F,Riera C,Muñoz C,Ribera E,Fisa R,Rioux JA,Dedet JP,Portús M

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The small size of their genomes made bacterial ideal model organisms for the emerging field of genomics. Elucidating the genome sequences of mycobacteria was particularly attractive owing to the difficulties inherent in their manipulation. The slow growth rate, clumping, and requirement for category III containment ma...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Gordon SV,Brosch R,Eiglmeier K,Garnier T,Hewinson RG,Cole ST

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and co-trimoxazole were both effective in reducing fever, clearing parasitaemia and improving anaemia in children aged < 5 years with uncomplicated malaria in 2 Kenyan endemic sites, Oyugis in the west and Tiwi on the coast. We compared the efficacy of these 2 regimens (in May-July 1998)...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Omar SA,Bakari A,Owiti A,Adagu IS,Warhurst DC

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microsporidiosis in AIDS patients has emerged as an important cause of morbidity, but diagnosis requires special stains, equipment and expertise. Here we describe a modification to an existing staining technique to allow more rapid preparation, without additional equipment, facilitating research in the tropics into th...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Sianongo S,McDonald V,Kelly P

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A pole estimating, for each individual, the number of praziquantel tablets needed for treatment according to height was tested in 20 data sets (n = 25,688). In more than 98% of the cases the indicated dose was within the range that has proven efficacious and safe (30 and 60 mg/kg). ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Montresor A,Engels D,Chitsulo L,Bundy DA,Brooker S,Savioli L

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A retrospective hospital record-based study for Uganda was conducted in Hoima district (an area of stable malaria transmission) and in Kabale district (an area of unstable malaria transmission). In-patient and maternity ward registers for January 1997-December 1998 were reviewed and malaria admissions, mortality, abor...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ndyomugyenyi R,Magnussen P

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmodia infect the liver for about 7 days before subsequently infecting the blood. Present prophylaxis against Plasmodium falciparum malaria employs agents that primarily kill blood stages and must be continued for 28 days after the last exposure. Atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone) is a new antimalarial agent that is l...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Berman JD,Nielsen R,Chulay JD,Dowler M,Kain KC,Kester KE,Williams J,Whelen AC,Shmuklarsky MJ

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies on resistance to blood schizontocides in Plasmodium falciparum give a rational basis for the use of artemisinins combined with arylaminoalcohols for the treatment of uncomplicated chloroquine-resistant malaria in Africa. In areas where such combinations are introduced, there is reason to believe that th...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Warhurst DC,Duraisingh MT

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a 'blinded' trial (in Sri Lanka, 1996-98) of 47 male asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects with Wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and filaricidal efficacy of 3 single-dose combination regimens were compared: albendazole 400 mg with ivermectin 200 micrograms/kg, albendazole 400 mg with diethyl...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ismail MM,Jayakody RL,Weil GJ,Fernando D,De Silva MS,De Silva GA,Balasooriya WK

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe anaemia in pregnancy is an important preventable cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Different methods of screening for severe anaemia in pregnancy were evaluated in a 2-phased study conducted in Kilifi, Kenya. In phase 1 (in 1994/95), pallor testing was evaluated alone and in addition to r...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Shulman CE,Levene M,Morison L,Dorman E,Peshu N,Marsh K

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the early 1900s, visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala-azar) has been among the most important health problems in Sudan, particularly in the main endemic area in the eastern and central regions. Several major epidemics have occurred, the most recent--in Western Upper Nile province in southern Sudan, detected in 1988--...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Zijlstra EE,el-Hassan AM

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:WHO recommends that anthelmintic treatment be included in strategies to improve maternal nutrition in areas where hookworms are endemic and anaemia is prevalent. At present, few countries have adopted this recommendation, partly owing to the lack of data to support the adverse effects of hookworms on maternal health. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Torlesse H,Hodges M

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance is threatening to undermine many of the health care improvements achieved in the tropics in the past 2 decades. While only limited data are available, there is evidence from most tropical areas of the spread of resistant bacterial strains in diseases from typhoid and bacillary dysentery to tub...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Shears P

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We conducted experiments in vitro to assess the effect of artemether in combination with haemin on adult Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium. When schistosomes were maintained in a medium containing artemether at concentrations of 20 micrograms/mL or less for 72 h, no apparent effect on the schistosom...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Xiao S,Chollet J,Utzinger J,Matile H,Mei J,Tanner M

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fibre-web technique for sampling, storing and transport of venous or capillary blood has been evaluated, in 84 schoolchildren from the Mwanza region of Tanzania, with regard to diagnostic efficacy for determination of the schistosome circulating anodic antigen (CAA) under conditions similar to those prevailing in ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Nilsson LA,van Dam GJ,Deelder AM,Eriksson B,Gabone RM,Schmeisser S

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An epidemic of bloody diarrhoea was observed in 1997 and 1998 in Bessoum, north Cameroon. Of 1176 inhabitants, 16.7% went for medical consultation to a public health centre located 10 km away. This epidemic was probably due to the recent introduction of Schistosoma mansoni in an ancient focus of S. haematobium, follow...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Cunin P,Griffet A,Poste B,Djibrilla K,Martin PM

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy in the treatment of human tuberculosis and to assess longer-term outcomes following treatment for tuberculosis patients, a double-blind placebo-controlled Phase-2 clinical trial was set up in the Mseleni and Manguzi health wards in north-eastern KwaZulu, South Africa. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Mayo RE,Stanford JL

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In sub-Saharan Africa, anaemia in pregnancy results from multiple causes including malaria, iron deficiency and haemoglobinopathies. In a cross-sectional study among 530 pregnant women in Ghana in November-December 1998, red blood cell indices were analysed with respect to malaria, serum concentrations of ferritin and...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Mockenhaupt FP,Rong B,Günther M,Beck S,Till H,Kohne E,Thompson WN,Bienzle U

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Response to treatment with organic pentavalent antimonials, the standard first-line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), has been decreasing since their introduction into India. Combining sodium stibogluconate (SB) with paromomycin (PM) may be an efficient alternative to single-agent therapy. This trial was desi...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Thakur CP,Kanyok TP,Pandey AK,Sinha GP,Zaniewski AE,Houlihan HH,Olliaro P

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During February and March of 1998, 12 sudden deaths were reported among residents of a high-Andean community in Ecuador. All 12 fatalities were members of the same extended family and some had apparent exposure to sick guinea-pigs. Following an initial investigation by public health officials, an additional death was ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Gabastou JM,Proaño J,Vimos A,Jaramillo G,Hayes E,Gage K,Chu M,Guarner J,Zaki S,Bowers J,Guillemard C,Tamayo H,Ruiz A

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was conducted in 1997 to compare the accuracy of presumptive diagnosis of malaria in children aged 1-9 years performed by caretakers of the children to that of health centre staff in 2 ecological zones in southern Ghana. Similar symptoms were reported in the children at home and at the health centre. In the ho...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Dunyo SK,Afari EA,Koram KA,Ahorlu CK,Abubakar I,Nkrumah FK

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy and safety of single-dose ivermectin (150-200 micrograms/kg) and albendazole (400 mg) treatment administered separately or in combination for Wuchereria bancrofti infections were assessed in 1996-98 in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled field trial in Ghana: 1425 individuals from 4 lymphatic fil...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Dunyo SK,Nkrumah FK,Simonsen PE

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A purified 200-kDa antigenic fraction from Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes was evaluated by ELISA for the detection of antibody response in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients, post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients and controls, for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. A positive antibody res...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Kaul P,Malla N,Kaur S,Mahajan RC,Ganguly NK

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The world-wide occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) is very high, and in many parts of the world prevalence has reached epidemic proportions. While the WHO's global 'directly observed therapy short-course' (DOTS) programme has yielded some notable successes, it has reached only 12% of the world's TB cases (1996 data). This...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Beggs CB,Kerr KG,Donnelly JK,Sleigh PA,Mara DD,Cairns G

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria transmission varies from village to village and even from family to family in the same village. The current study was conducted in northern Ethiopia to identify risk factors responsible for such variations in a hypoendemic highland malaria setting: 2114 children aged < 10 years living in 6 villages situated cl...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ghebreyesus TA,Haile M,Witten KH,Getachew A,Yohannes M,Lindsay SW,Byass P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifty-five strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated from November 1997 until October 1998 from 33 female and 22 male adults attending for endoscopy at the Evangel Hospital, Jos, Nigeria were assayed for antibiotic susceptibility to amoxycillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and tetracycline by the E-test strip method. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ani AE,Malu AO,Onah JA,Queiroz DM,Kirschner G,Rocha GA

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cohort of 250 Ghanaian schoolchildren aged 5-15 years was followed clinically and parasitologically for 4 months in 1997/98 in order to study the effect of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections on haematological indices and bone-marrow responses. Of the 250 children 65 met the predefined study criteria. Thus...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Kurtzhals JA,Addae MM,Akanmori BD,Dunyo S,Koram KA,Appawu MA,Nkrumah FK,Hviid L

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00